Benefits of penile lengthening surgery

Penuma is the only penis enlargement surgery cleared for commercial use. It's not fully approved by the FDA but can be marketed as a safe.
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Some women go into plastic surgeon's offices hoping to get lips like Angelina Jolie, or a bottom like Jennifer Lopez. The Sun reported that after seeing advertisements of David Beckman in his bare underwear, there was a rise in men visiting their doctors requesting to increase the size of their family jewels. Male enhancement surgeries, specifically penile implants, are becoming as common as female breast augmentations.

Almost every media outlet has some sort of advertisement promising to increase the length, girth or overall size of the male anatomy. However,there is no scientific evidence that supports the effectiveness of these topical or "natural" remedies. Enhancement surgeries are commonly recommended for men with erectile dysfunction ED.

However, some men are opting to have the surgery donejust to increase their penis size. Embarrassment and lack of informational resources make it more difficult for men to understand the risks and benefits associated with increasing their size.

Male Enhancement Surgery: Is It Worth The Risk?

Women, on the other hand, have a massive amount of information pouring into them from newspapers, magazine and on the web. Elliot Heller, owner of Allure Plastic Surgery Centers in New York City tells Medical Daily that "many men aren't aware that this service exists, it's basically the equivalent of getting a boob job for women. Heller has been practicing for 18 years and performs all types of plastic surgeries from male breast reductions to penis enlargement surgeries and everything in between.

His patients range from lawyers to other doctors and their ages range from 30 years old up to 70 years old. It's not just young guys in their 30's and 40's," said Dr. I told only a couple of friends and would hate the thought of anyone else outside this circle knowing. We urge you to turn off your ad blocker for The Telegraph website so that you can continue to access our quality content in the future. Visit our adblocking instructions page. My details. My newsletters. Upgrade to Premium. Home News Sport Business. Lifestyle Health and Fitness. Body Mind Nutrition More. At the base of the penis, the dartos fascia combines with smooth muscle fibres and creates a well-defined penoscrotal angle between the scrotal wall and the skin.

The deep fascia adheres to the tunica albuginea 1. The base of the penis is firmly attached to the pubic rami by penile ligaments composed of connective tissue. The ligaments arise from the external oblique aponeurosis and are fixed to the symphysis pubis. The suspensory ligament arises from the linea alba and provides dorsal support and stabilization of an erection by attaching midline to the penile root 2.

This ligament also helps cover the neurovascular bundle of the penis and protects it during repetitive sexual trauma.


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The fungiform ligament attaches to the pubis and fans laterally and ventrally to the encircle the entire penile root, acting like a sling for support 1. During embryologic development, gender remains indifferent until approximately seventh week of gestation.

Sexual health

From the eighth week onward, male and female developmental pathways diverge. In males, maternal chorionic gonadotropins from the placenta stimulate growth and development of the testicular Leydig cells, which eventually produce their own testosterone for further development 3. The development of the external genitalia in males is dependent on the conversion of testosterone to the active component dihydrotestosterone DHT. The genital tubercle enlarges to form both the shaft and glans of the penis.

The urogenital folds fuse along the midline to become the penile urethra and the glans invaginates to create the glandular urethra. The labioscrotal folds fuse to create the scrotum. Complete penile differentiation should be complete by the end of the first trimester. Penile length and size increase during development in proportion to other fetal development 5. The average penile length increases by a mean of approximately 2 cm between 14 weeks and term.

Penile elongation in utero is complete by androgens produced by the fetus. After the first trimester, the fetus depends on his own hypothalamic-pituitary axis for gonadotropin production. After normal development, there is an LH surge at birth which stimulates an increase in testosterone production and penile growth. This surge only lasts about 12 h and subsequently hormone levels drop quite low.

Slowly, gonadotropin and androgen levels begin to rise and peak again. This rise in levels lasts for approximately 6 months and allows for continued penile growth 7.

Ongoing penile growth occurs throughout development, without the need for surges, but rather as a result of normal growth. At puberty, the HPG axis gets activated and stimulates testicular testosterone production, which subsequently leads to further penile growth into adulthood 7 , 8. Accurate measurement of penile length is important for both clinical and academic purposes. For this reason, a standard practice for measurement has been defined to maintain consistency.

Rather than measuring a flaccid penis, which offers limited clinical significance, stretched penile length SPL measurement is considered best practice for adult men as it most closely replicates normal erect penile length 9. For accurate clinical assessment, SPL needs to be measured by a clinician. Studies have demonstrated that men who are satisfied with their penile length overestimate their size, whereas men who are dissatisfied consistently underestimate Wiygul outlined the mean SPL in children as well as the diagnostic length for micropenis at each age Normal values for preterm infants born between the 24th and 36th week of gestation can be calculated using the formula: As mentioned, micropenis develops as a result of a central or local hormonal imbalance during fetal development.

True micropenis is a congenital anomaly and is different from acquired penile length abnormalities such as buried penis or trapped penis. Based on the etiology of the hormonal dysfunction, micropenis can be divided into three broad categories: Other, less common causes of micropenis have been documented and are listed in Table 1. Disorders of sexual differentiation may present with micropenis, although hypospadias is more common The majority of men seeking penile elongation treatment have a normal penile size, which is functionally adequate for sexual activity and micturition 14 , Men complaining of small penis, despite adequate length, typically suffer from either penile dysmorphophobia disorder PDD or small penis anxiety SPA.

In both of these disorders, men consistently underestimate the size of their own penis and overestimate the mean size for other men Men are so preoccupied with their penis size and length, they may develop depressive episodes associated with social, occupational, and sexual dysfunction. There is a high prevalence of psychogenic erectile dysfunction and lack of sexual satisfaction in men with BDD, despite their normal libido Patient anxiety persists despite evidence from a clinical examination to negate their concern SPA may be an obsessive rumination or an aspect of psychosis which results in significant emotional distress and behavioral impairment Multiple scales and nomograms have been created by researchers to reassure patients that their length is normal.

Unfortunately, due to the nature of their anxieties, results of these studies are only minimally helpful to this patient population 9 , The idea of treating actual and perceived penile shortening with intervention is controversial. Most academic urologists have moved away from treatments such as penile elongation and therefore this has become strictly a market in the private sector Wessells created guidelines for penile elongation in , and not much has changed since.


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At that time, it was felt that only men with a flaccid length of less than 4 cm or a SPL of less than 7. An ethical review on penile elongation procedures did report that after clearly hearing and understanding the risks and complications associated with each procedure, most men with a normal penis size will decline. All men undergoing penile elongation surgery with an SPL within normal limits, should undergo psychiatric evaluation In cases of true micropenis, the goal of treatment should be restoration of a functional penis size in order to improve body image and self-esteem, allow normal standing micturition and enable satisfying sexual intercourse.

In children with true micropenis, the first step in management is always the least invasive, which includes the application of exogenous testosterone. If insufficient penile growth is not achieved with replacement, multiple courses of replacement can be considered without significant reduction in stature 22 - In , the beneficial effects of hormonal therapy on penile growth in children with micropenis was confirmed. In this study, prepubertal children were treated with 25 mg of exogenous parenteral testosterone enanthate once a month for 3 months, and pubertal or postpubertal children were treated with intramuscular hCG once a week for 6 weeks.

Exogenous administration of hormone replacement in these boys resulted in a significant increase in SPL and suggests that these treatments could be the primary form of therapy for micropenis in paediatric patients In addition to exogenous testosterone, topical applications have been studied in the micropenis population. The administration of exogenous testosterone in childhood does not compromise ultimate penile length increase in adulthood, however, the long-term effects of testosterone administration in childhood are still not fully understood and long-term data are needed Although men on androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer have been observed to have a significant decline in penile length, there does not appear to be any beneficial effect in length with the use of testosterone in men without hypogonadal dysfunction Further studies could be done to look at this potential application for local benefits in the aging population.

Penile traction devices PTD have been explored both as an independent strategy to help with penile elongation and as an augment to surgery. These devices cradle the penis and gently apply tension in attempt to stretch tissue and increase length. Multiple brands of these devices have been created and studied including: Prospective studies have looked at men complaining of a subjectively small penis.

Non-surgical treatments

The duration of application of these devices has not been concluded, but usually ranges from 4—6 h per day 29 , In one study, after 2 months, men were asked to leave the traction device on for 9 h per day Compliance and patient selection is a significant issue given the time requirements for this minimally invasive treatment. Outcomes have been encouraging as patient satisfaction has unanimously improved after use for 3—6 months and flaccid or SPL has increased 1—3 cm in different studies 29 - Oderda and Gontero conducted a review which aimed to explore whether nonsurgical methods of penile lengthening may have some scientific background.

They concluded that penile extender devices seem to be non-inferior to surgery Limitations of these studies included non-validated patient satisfaction questionnaires, small patient populations, and selection bias More recently traction devices are being studied for their pre-operative and post-operative use to augment outcomes from surgical procedures.

Similarly, in early trials, pre-operative use of PTD has been shown to increase penile length prior to implantation of penile prosthesis and therefore allowing insertion of a larger caliber of cylinder Although limited data exists, there appears to be a role for use of PTD both independently in men not interested in surgery, as well as an augment to other surgical procedures.

Different types of injectable materials have been used for penile augmentation including liquid silicone, polyacrylamide, hyaluronic acid and mineral-oil 35 - However, there is a significant risk of foreign body reaction, swelling, penile distortion, granulomas and need for removal This is a much less invasive procedure compared to flap reconstruction or V-Y advancements.

To obtain a fat graft, fat is liposuctioned from areas of excess, placed in 10 mL syringes and then centrifuged for 3 min at g. The superior oil layer and lower aqueous layers are removed and the middle adipose layer is collected as the purified fat graft. The fat is transferred into smaller syringes for injected in multiple layers to improve fat graft survival.

This technique has been refined by Sydney Coleman in recent years 38 , Panfilov described his technique for penile augmentation with fat grafting in 88 patients. Incisions are made radially through the frenulum preputial and approximately 40—68 cc of fat is injected between the superficial penile fascia and the profunda, down to the root of the penis.

The average length and circumference increase was 2. In one patient, the penis gained 3 cm in length at 6 months, but due to fat graft resorption, the stable length was 2 cm at 7 years. This technique can be combined with suspensory ligament release to further increase length. Unfortunately, it was not specified which patients had just the autologous fat grafting versus both procedures and the resulting gain in length.

Penile augmentation with fat grafts also increase the weight of the penis, which can itself increase the length by 2—3 cm Dermal fat grafting has also been described to increase girth and length of the penis, which may have better fat retention and decreased contour irregularities at the expense of a larger donor-site scar 37 , As discussed, the suspensory ligament anchors the penis to the pubic symphysis and while providing support, acts as the mobile point for the penis during erection. This attachment prevents the penis from moving further outward and creates an arched angle to the penile base The suspensory ligament is composed of the suspensory ligament proper and the arcuate subpubic ligament that attaches the tunica albuginea to the midline of the pubic symphysis.

Surgical release of this ligament changes the acute angle of the penis to the pubic symphysis to an obtuse angle which allows the penis to lie in a more dependant position and therefore gives the perception of lengthening Division of the suspensory ligament, with or without bulking agent, fat pad excision or V-Y plasty is the most widely accepted surgical technique for penile elongation The suspensory ligament can be accessed through a V-Y incision or a subcoronary circumcision technique Complete release of the corpora from the pubic ramus has been described to further increase length, but is associated with significant risk to the neurovascular bundles of the penis, causing denervation and devascularisation of the penis Outcomes from suspensory ligament release have not consistently been favourable.

On average, the surgery increases flaccid penile length by 1—3 cm, especially with post-operative use of a PTD 45 , Many patients in early studies had a recurrence following surgery, which resulted in penile shortening.

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Therefore, optimal surgical technique now involves placing a buffer in place of the ligament. Buffer options have included a vascularized flap from the lipomatous tissue of the spermatic cord or a small testicular prosthesis 45 , Srinivas et al. After the inverted V-Y incision and suspensory ligament release, a silicone sheath from a penile prosthesis was inserted in the soft tissue defect created between the base of the penis and the symphysis pubis.

They achieved a lengthening of 2. Dermal fat grafts have also been described to fill this space Paradoxically, the main side effects of this procedure are recurrence, penile shortening, and the lack of penile support during erection, resulting difficulty with sexual intercourse and penetration Poor satisfaction rates make this surgical technique not favourable for many patients. Penile elongation using a dorsal V-Y incision in the congenital or acquired short penis was first described over 40 years ago. A dorsal V-shaped incision was made, combined with partial detachment of the crura from the pubic ramis, which were then re-approximated in the midline and the dorsal incision was closed as a V-Y advancement flap.

The V-Y incision and subsequent V-Y advancement is commonly used in conjunction with a suspensory ligament release. The incision is typically an upside down V, which is closed in an upside-down Y-shape, which lengthens the dorsal skin by bringing lateral tissue to the midline Figure 1. The flap is distally based, and poor wound healing, flap dehiscence and distal flap loss can occur if the flaps blood supply is compromised during dissection Bulging of the penoscrotal transition can also occur, which can be treated using bilateral Z-plasties It is difficult to determine the average length achieved by V-Y advancement as it is typically combined with other procedures.