The problem was that cutting the suspensory ligament of a penis could He urges caution for anyone who seeks out penile enlargement.
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Men complaining of small penis, despite adequate length, typically suffer from either penile dysmorphophobia disorder PDD or small penis anxiety SPA. In both of these disorders, men consistently underestimate the size of their own penis and overestimate the mean size for other men Men are so preoccupied with their penis size and length, they may develop depressive episodes associated with social, occupational, and sexual dysfunction.
There is a high prevalence of psychogenic erectile dysfunction and lack of sexual satisfaction in men with BDD, despite their normal libido Patient anxiety persists despite evidence from a clinical examination to negate their concern SPA may be an obsessive rumination or an aspect of psychosis which results in significant emotional distress and behavioral impairment Multiple scales and nomograms have been created by researchers to reassure patients that their length is normal.
Unfortunately, due to the nature of their anxieties, results of these studies are only minimally helpful to this patient population 9 , The idea of treating actual and perceived penile shortening with intervention is controversial. Most academic urologists have moved away from treatments such as penile elongation and therefore this has become strictly a market in the private sector Wessells created guidelines for penile elongation in , and not much has changed since.
At that time, it was felt that only men with a flaccid length of less than 4 cm or a SPL of less than 7. An ethical review on penile elongation procedures did report that after clearly hearing and understanding the risks and complications associated with each procedure, most men with a normal penis size will decline. All men undergoing penile elongation surgery with an SPL within normal limits, should undergo psychiatric evaluation In cases of true micropenis, the goal of treatment should be restoration of a functional penis size in order to improve body image and self-esteem, allow normal standing micturition and enable satisfying sexual intercourse.
In children with true micropenis, the first step in management is always the least invasive, which includes the application of exogenous testosterone. If insufficient penile growth is not achieved with replacement, multiple courses of replacement can be considered without significant reduction in stature 22 - In , the beneficial effects of hormonal therapy on penile growth in children with micropenis was confirmed.
In this study, prepubertal children were treated with 25 mg of exogenous parenteral testosterone enanthate once a month for 3 months, and pubertal or postpubertal children were treated with intramuscular hCG once a week for 6 weeks. Exogenous administration of hormone replacement in these boys resulted in a significant increase in SPL and suggests that these treatments could be the primary form of therapy for micropenis in paediatric patients In addition to exogenous testosterone, topical applications have been studied in the micropenis population.
The administration of exogenous testosterone in childhood does not compromise ultimate penile length increase in adulthood, however, the long-term effects of testosterone administration in childhood are still not fully understood and long-term data are needed Although men on androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer have been observed to have a significant decline in penile length, there does not appear to be any beneficial effect in length with the use of testosterone in men without hypogonadal dysfunction Further studies could be done to look at this potential application for local benefits in the aging population.
Penile traction devices PTD have been explored both as an independent strategy to help with penile elongation and as an augment to surgery. These devices cradle the penis and gently apply tension in attempt to stretch tissue and increase length. Multiple brands of these devices have been created and studied including: Prospective studies have looked at men complaining of a subjectively small penis.
The duration of application of these devices has not been concluded, but usually ranges from 4—6 h per day 29 , In one study, after 2 months, men were asked to leave the traction device on for 9 h per day Compliance and patient selection is a significant issue given the time requirements for this minimally invasive treatment. Outcomes have been encouraging as patient satisfaction has unanimously improved after use for 3—6 months and flaccid or SPL has increased 1—3 cm in different studies 29 - Oderda and Gontero conducted a review which aimed to explore whether nonsurgical methods of penile lengthening may have some scientific background.
They concluded that penile extender devices seem to be non-inferior to surgery Limitations of these studies included non-validated patient satisfaction questionnaires, small patient populations, and selection bias More recently traction devices are being studied for their pre-operative and post-operative use to augment outcomes from surgical procedures.
Similarly, in early trials, pre-operative use of PTD has been shown to increase penile length prior to implantation of penile prosthesis and therefore allowing insertion of a larger caliber of cylinder Although limited data exists, there appears to be a role for use of PTD both independently in men not interested in surgery, as well as an augment to other surgical procedures. Different types of injectable materials have been used for penile augmentation including liquid silicone, polyacrylamide, hyaluronic acid and mineral-oil 35 - However, there is a significant risk of foreign body reaction, swelling, penile distortion, granulomas and need for removal This is a much less invasive procedure compared to flap reconstruction or V-Y advancements.
To obtain a fat graft, fat is liposuctioned from areas of excess, placed in 10 mL syringes and then centrifuged for 3 min at g. The superior oil layer and lower aqueous layers are removed and the middle adipose layer is collected as the purified fat graft. The fat is transferred into smaller syringes for injected in multiple layers to improve fat graft survival. This technique has been refined by Sydney Coleman in recent years 38 , Panfilov described his technique for penile augmentation with fat grafting in 88 patients.
Incisions are made radially through the frenulum preputial and approximately 40—68 cc of fat is injected between the superficial penile fascia and the profunda, down to the root of the penis. The average length and circumference increase was 2. In one patient, the penis gained 3 cm in length at 6 months, but due to fat graft resorption, the stable length was 2 cm at 7 years. This technique can be combined with suspensory ligament release to further increase length.
Unfortunately, it was not specified which patients had just the autologous fat grafting versus both procedures and the resulting gain in length. Penile augmentation with fat grafts also increase the weight of the penis, which can itself increase the length by 2—3 cm Dermal fat grafting has also been described to increase girth and length of the penis, which may have better fat retention and decreased contour irregularities at the expense of a larger donor-site scar 37 , As discussed, the suspensory ligament anchors the penis to the pubic symphysis and while providing support, acts as the mobile point for the penis during erection.
This attachment prevents the penis from moving further outward and creates an arched angle to the penile base The suspensory ligament is composed of the suspensory ligament proper and the arcuate subpubic ligament that attaches the tunica albuginea to the midline of the pubic symphysis.
Surgical release of this ligament changes the acute angle of the penis to the pubic symphysis to an obtuse angle which allows the penis to lie in a more dependant position and therefore gives the perception of lengthening Division of the suspensory ligament, with or without bulking agent, fat pad excision or V-Y plasty is the most widely accepted surgical technique for penile elongation The suspensory ligament can be accessed through a V-Y incision or a subcoronary circumcision technique Complete release of the corpora from the pubic ramus has been described to further increase length, but is associated with significant risk to the neurovascular bundles of the penis, causing denervation and devascularisation of the penis Outcomes from suspensory ligament release have not consistently been favourable.
On average, the surgery increases flaccid penile length by 1—3 cm, especially with post-operative use of a PTD 45 , Many patients in early studies had a recurrence following surgery, which resulted in penile shortening. Therefore, optimal surgical technique now involves placing a buffer in place of the ligament.
Buffer options have included a vascularized flap from the lipomatous tissue of the spermatic cord or a small testicular prosthesis 45 , Srinivas et al. After the inverted V-Y incision and suspensory ligament release, a silicone sheath from a penile prosthesis was inserted in the soft tissue defect created between the base of the penis and the symphysis pubis. They achieved a lengthening of 2. Dermal fat grafts have also been described to fill this space Paradoxically, the main side effects of this procedure are recurrence, penile shortening, and the lack of penile support during erection, resulting difficulty with sexual intercourse and penetration Poor satisfaction rates make this surgical technique not favourable for many patients.
Penile elongation using a dorsal V-Y incision in the congenital or acquired short penis was first described over 40 years ago. A dorsal V-shaped incision was made, combined with partial detachment of the crura from the pubic ramis, which were then re-approximated in the midline and the dorsal incision was closed as a V-Y advancement flap. The V-Y incision and subsequent V-Y advancement is commonly used in conjunction with a suspensory ligament release. The incision is typically an upside down V, which is closed in an upside-down Y-shape, which lengthens the dorsal skin by bringing lateral tissue to the midline Figure 1.
The flap is distally based, and poor wound healing, flap dehiscence and distal flap loss can occur if the flaps blood supply is compromised during dissection Bulging of the penoscrotal transition can also occur, which can be treated using bilateral Z-plasties It is difficult to determine the average length achieved by V-Y advancement as it is typically combined with other procedures.
The Truth About Penis Enlargement
An additional suspensory ligament release and partial release of the corpora cavernosa is depicted. Suprapubic lipectomy has been performed to increase perceived penis length, particularly for patients with a buried penis. In these patients, weight loss does not always reduce the problem of a large overhanging fold, or mons pannus. These folds can cause problems with hygiene, directing the urine stream and sexual function Removal of the skin and fat concealing the penis can be performed as a suprapubic lipectomy or limited panniculectomy.
The skin is removed as a trapezoid incision. The inferior portion of the incision is marked 2 cm above the penis to allow closure of the base of the penis to the pubic symphysis periosteum, and the superior portion should not interfere with the waistline sulcus This technique increases the exposed penile length. This can be combined with removal of diseased shaft skin, which may be inflammatory due to the buried condition and chronic infections. The shaft skin can be closed with a skin graft taken from the lateral thigh, or from the removed mons pubis skin to avoid a donor site If there is need for further length, release of the suspensory ligament can be performed along with the suprapubic lipectomy If the buried penis is secondary to cicatrix post circumcision, which is more common in children but can present in adults, either Z-plasties or removal of the entire penile skin with skin grafting and vacuum assisted closure with a negative pressure wound dressing can be performed.
Suction lipectomy, or liposuction, is considered inadequate to treat a buried penis unless it is used in conjunction with suprapubic lipectomy If no significant buried penis is present, but there is a moderate pubic fat pad, then liposuction may help to increase perceived penis length Rolle et al. The penis is degloved and the neurovascular bundle is mobilized.
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After subtunical dissection, traction is applied to slide the distal penis away from the proximal shaft to perform the lengthening, the limit of which is the length of the urethra and neurovascular bundles 55 Figure 2. A prosthesis is then inserted into the tunical defects that are created by this technique. The authors report an average penile lengthening of 3.
The same group previously described this method of lengthening the penis with similar tunica incisions and subsequent pericardial grafting of the resulting tunical defect after lengthening, but felt that the grafting was time consuming and unnecessary A prosthesis is inserted into the tunical defects that are created by this technique.
Perovic and Djordjevic describe a technique similar to sliding elongation, which they have used to treat short penises and congenital penile anomalies. Their procedure involves separating the penis into the glans cap with neurovascular bundle dorsally, the corpora cavernosa, and the urethra ventrally. Thus, the corpora are separated completely from the surrounding structures. A space is created between the glans cap and the tip of the corpora cavernosa, on which an autologous rib cartilage graft is placed, and then the penis is reassembled 58 Figure 3.
A review of penile elongation surgery
The cartilage is covered with the glans cap and the urethra and neurovascular bundles are sutured to the tunica. This technique was performed on 19 patients with a short penis with an average increased length of 2—3 cm and 3—4 cm in 13 and 6 patients, respectively There was no evidence of cartilage extrusion, erectile dysfunction or urethral damage at a mean follow-up of 3.
A The penis is degloved and the neurovascular bundle and corpus spongiosum are separated from the corpora cavernosa; B the glans cap is separated from the tip of the corpora cavernosa, and a space is created between these structures; C an autologous rib cartilage graft is placed, between the tip of the corpora cavernosa and the glans cap and the penis is reassembled.
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Local, regional and free flap options exist to lengthen the penis. These have typically been described for penile lengthening if the penis is shortened due to epispadias and exstrophy, where a lack of soft tissue and dorsal skin or tethering of the penis to the pubic bone from fibrous bands Kramer and Jackson describe the use of local rhomboid flaps, based laterally, for dorsal skin coverage combined with partial release of the corpora cavernosa from the pubic ramus in 10 patients.
These local flaps are necessary due to the lack of dorsal coverage once the corpora are released from the penis and advanced through an inverted V-shaped incision Figure 4. This technique is described for both congenital and acquired short penis. They state that most patients obtained a doubling in their penile length. Other local flap options are lateral superiorly based scrotal flaps that are rotated onto the dorsal penis Dorsal Z and W-plasties may also be performed as local skin flaps, but may bring hair bearing skin onto the penis Penile elongation using laterally based local rhomboid flaps to obtain length of the dorsal skin, as described by Kramer and Jackson, The [Ligamentolysis] procedure is not recommended for guys who don't already have what is termed a micropenis.
To boost girth, fat from elsewhere on the body is auto-injected along the penis, but there are risks. The procedure is not traumatic and is reversible if ever needed. Just as infantalisation has led many women to start shaving and undergo labioplasty, so an increasing number of men are unduly influenced by porn. Some men are badly affected when a current or past lover has said something negative to them about their penis which has stuck.
Guys, remember this: Length and girth are no substitute for intimacy, empathy and a deep understanding of what turns your partner on. If you are considering penis-enlargement surgery, then make sure you seek extensive advice and counselling first, preferably from a certified urologist who specialises in penile operations. Patients should first try less invasive approaches such as penis extenders such as Jes Extender for length, or Hyaluronic acid-based fillers for thickness.
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Type keyword s to search. Getty Images Daniel Day. Back to Sexual health. The internet is awash with websites selling everything from pills to penis extenders that claim to increase the length and girth of your manhood. But do these treatments work? Men's anxiety about penis size has spawned a multi-million-pound global industry in clinically unproven "male enhancement products". While many men worry their penis is too small, research shows that most men's penises are normal and they needn't be concerned.
While you can't do much to safely enlarge your penis, there are several things you can do to make you feel more confident about your body. Professor Wylie assesses the evidence, effectiveness and safety of different types of penis enlargement products and treatments on the market. These products usually contain vitamins, minerals, herbs or hormones that claim to enlarge the penis.
If they were effective, they would be on sale at chemists. Using a lotion may help a man become more familiar with his penis, which some men shy away from. So lotions can help a man become more comfortable with his penis but they certainly won't make it any bigger. Penis pumps involve placing a tube over the penis and then pumping out the air to create a vacuum. The vacuum draws blood into the penis and makes it swell. Vacuum devices are sometimes used in the short-term treatment of impotence.
But overusing a penis pump can damage the tissue of the penis, leading to weaker erections.