Penile growth testosterone

Five patients were treated with gonadotropin and topical testosterone for Average penile growth response with gonadotropin was % increase in length.
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A man with an average-sized penis can have a more robust sex life than a man with a larger penis. Sometimes a frank conversation with a urologist can calm some anxiety and let you focus on the characteristics you can control. At some point, you may have wondered: What is the average penis size?


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Management of isolated micropenis revolves around testosterone direct administration or encouraging the patient's body to make its own , and results with respect to increase in penile length are promising.

When Do Penises Start and Stop Growing, and Can You Increase the Size?

The mean stretched penile length in a full-term newborn male is 3. Measurements of less than The following formula is commonly used to determine penile length in relation to gestational age[ 3 ]: At times, micropenis may be considered a form of ambiguous genitalia.

However, presence of a normal scrotum and palpable testes indicate a high probability of normal male karyotype. Micropenis may be caused by a defect anywhere along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, a defect in peripheral androgen action, isolated growth hormone GH deficiency, a primary structural anomaly, or may be part of a genetic syndrome.

The most common cause of micropenis is abnormal hypothalamic or pituitary function. Failure of adequate testosterone production toward the end of gestation due to a primary testicular disorder can also result in inadequate penis growth. Micropenis can also occur in children with LH-receptor defects and defects in testosterone biosynthesis e. Individuals with beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency most often have female-appearing genitalia and, less often, ambiguous genitalia. However, most children with these conditions have varying degrees of incomplete labioscrotal fusion, resulting in hypospadias and genital ambiguity.

Some studies[ 6 ] have evaluated the response of micropenis to hCG therapy in adolescent or adult men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism IHH. This chart based, retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board and ethics committee. Children with cryptorchidism or absence of testis according to the imaging studies conducted at the initial presentation were excluded from the study. Similarly, children with hypospadias were also excluded from the study. The protocol we follow in the evaluation of these children is shown in Figure 2.

The hCG stimulation test was not performed in any of the children. Testis volume was assessed in children more than 11 years old using the Prader orchidometer. Penis length flaccid and stretched and testicular volume were measured before and after hormonal treatment in all children. This change in treatment plan depending on age was followed so as to promote the older child's own testes to produce testosterone.

When Does Your Penis Stop Growing?

Penile length was measured by the same physician. A wooden spatula was pressed against the pubic ramus depressing the suprapubic pad of fat as completely as possible to ensure that the part of the penis that is buried in the subcutaneous fat was measured. Measurement was made along the dorsum of the penis to the tip of the glans penis. The length of foreskin was not included. Comparisons of data within a patient were evaluated by Student's t -test; comparisons of data from different subsets were evaluated by unpaired t test. Between July and June , 25 children presented with micropenis.

The clinical features of the children are shown in Table 1. Their mean age was 9. In children less than 11 years of age, mean penile length increased significantly after hormonal treatment from The mean penile length also increased significantly from In the older children, mean testicular volume increased from 5. There were no significant adverse events related to the hormonal treatment. Micropenis refers to an extremely small penis with a stretched penile length of less than 2.

The testes are usually small and frequently cryptorchid, whereas the scrotum is usually fused. Stretched penile length is used as a measure because it correlates more closely with erectile length than does relaxed penile length. Measurements should be compared with existing standards for penile length. Micropenis needs to be differentiated from a webbed or buried penis. The initial evaluation of a child with micropenis should include a thorough medical history and a karyotype at birth. Accurate measurement of the penile length, palpation of the corporeal bodies, and evaluation for cryptorchidism are several important aspects of the physical examination.

The effect of testosterone on androgen receptors and human penile growth.

Kumanov et al. It is very important to consider regional as well as ethnic differences while approaching diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist is also usually obtained to determine the cause of micropenis and to assess whether other abnormalities are present. Several issues need to be addressed, including the growth potential of the penis and the etiology of the micropenis.


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  7. Penile growth in response to hormone treatment in children with micropenis;

    8. Histological analysis revealed that all specimens were composed of viable penile tissue. Cellular density of the castrate penises was approximately 2 times greater than that of the normal and super testosterone specimens Supraphysiological doses of testosterone did not change the histology compared to controls. Immunohistochemical localization revealed androgen receptors expressed throughout the corporeal bodies, surrounding stroma and penile skin with intracellular localization to nucleus. The mean proportion of cells expressing androgen receptors was higher in the castrate However, in regard to growth there was no change in the proportion of androgen receptor positive cells among the groups.

    Testosterone influences penile growth, possibly as a result of extracellular stromal expansion.